Dairy goat farming is a profitable and sustainable venture, with various breeds offering different advantages. Among the most popular dairy goat breeds are the Alpine and Saanen, both known for their high milk production and adaptability. However, they have distinct characteristics that may influence a farmer’s choice.
Table of Contents
1. Origin and History
Alpine Goats
- Origin: French Alps
- Development: Bred for rugged mountainous terrain, making them hardy and adaptable.
- Introduction to the U.S.: Early 20th century, where they were further refined for dairy production.
Saanen Goats
- Origin: Saanen Valley, Switzerland
- Development: Known as one of the most productive dairy breeds, often called the “Holstein of goats.”
- Introduction to the U.S.: Late 19th to early 20th century, becoming a favorite for commercial dairy farms.
Key Difference:
- Alpines were bred for rugged conditions, while Saanens were developed in a milder valley climate.
2. Physical Characteristics
Alpine Goats
- Color: Variable (chamoisee, cou blanc, sundgau, pied, etc.)
- Size: Medium to large
- Does (females): 135–155 lbs (61–70 kg)
- Bucks (males): 170–190 lbs (77–86 kg)
- Ears: Upright
- Horns: Often disbudded (hornless) in dairy settings
Saanen Goats
- Color: Pure white or light cream
- Size: Large
- Does: 145–165 lbs (65–75 kg)
- Bucks: 180–220 lbs (82–100 kg)
- Ears: Upright
- Horns: Typically polled or disbudded
Key Difference:
- Saanens are larger and always white, while Alpines come in various colors.
3. Milk Production and Quality
Alpine Goats
- Average Milk Yield: 1,800–2,500 lbs (2,000–3,000 liters) per lactation (305 days)
- Butterfat Content: 3.4–4%
- Protein Content: 2.9–3.2%
- Flavor: Mild, sweet, and well-balanced
Saanen Goats
- Average Milk Yield: 2,000–3,000 lbs (2,200–3,500 liters) per lactation (305 days)
- Butterfat Content: 3–3.5%
- Protein Content: 2.7–3%
- Flavor: Very mild, slightly less creamy than Alpine
Key Difference:
- Saanens produce more milk volume, but Alpines have higher butterfat and protein, making their milk richer and better for cheese.
4. Temperament and Behavior
Alpine Goats
- Active, curious, and independent
- More likely to explore and climb
- Can be slightly stubborn but intelligent
- Good foragers
Saanen Goats
- Docile, calm, and friendly
- Easier to handle, making them ideal for beginners
- Less adventurous than Alpines
- Prefer consistent routines
Key Difference:
- Saanens are better for beginners due to their calm nature, while Alpines are more energetic and may require more management.
5. Adaptability and Climate Tolerance
Alpine Goats
- Highly adaptable to various climates (hot, cold, and mountainous regions)
- Thrive in free-range and rugged terrains
- More heat-tolerant than Saanens
Saanen Goats
- Best in temperate climates (originated in a cool Swiss valley)
- Susceptible to sunburn due to their white coat (need shade in hot climates)
- Less suited for extreme heat or harsh winters without proper shelter
Key Difference:
- Alpines are more versatile in different climates, while Saanens need more controlled environments.
6. Feeding and Nutrition Requirements
Both breeds require:
- High-quality hay (alfalfa or grass)
- Grain supplements for lactating does
- Fresh water and minerals
Alpine Goats
- Excellent foragers, can thrive on pasture-based systems
- Need slightly less grain due to efficient grazing
Saanen Goats
- Higher nutritional demands due to larger size and milk production
- Require more grain supplementation
- Less efficient grazers compared to Alpines
Key Difference:
- Alpines are more economical in pasture-based systems, while Saanens may need more feed inputs.
7. Health and Longevity
Common Health Issues (Both Breeds)
- Parasites (worms, coccidia)
- Mastitis (udder infection)
- Hoof rot (if kept in wet conditions)
Alpine Goats
- Generally hardy with fewer health issues
- Better parasite resistance due to active foraging
Saanen Goats
- More prone to sunburn and heat stress
- Higher risk of mastitis due to large udders
- Require more frequent health checks
Key Difference:
- Alpines are lower-maintenance health-wise, while Saanens need more monitoring.
8. Breeding and Kid Rearing
Alpine Goats
- Kidding ease: Generally good, but some lines may have larger kids
- Mothering instinct: Strong, protective
Saanen Goats
- Kidding ease: May need assistance due to larger kids
- Mothering instinct: Good, but sometimes less attentive
Key Difference:
- Alpines are slightly better mothers, while Saanens may need more kidding assistance.
9. Suitability for Different Farming Systems
Best for Small Farms/Homesteaders
- Alpines (better foragers, more adaptable)
Best for Commercial Dairy Farms
- Saanens (higher milk volume, consistent production)
Best for Hot Climates
- Alpines (more heat-tolerant)
Best for Cold Climates
- Both do well, but Saanens need extra shelter